US HRC Now Theoretically ~$200/ton More Expensive Than Offshore Imports

Nucor and Cleveland-Cliffs last week targeted $950 per ton ($47.50 per cwt) and $1,000 per ton, respectively, for base prices for HRC. This week, US HRC tags increased to to $940 per ton, up $75 per ton from the week before. Prices have leaped by nearly $300 per ton from their lowest point of the year, $645 per ton in late September.

Import prices, in contrast, had been largely trending downward since late April with some marginal improvement over the past few weeks. The result: Imported product is now more than 23% cheaper than domestic material once freight and other costs are accounted for. That’s a shift from late September, when imports were nearly 11% more expensive than US product.

On a percentage basis, US hot band’s differential is the widest it’s been since January 2022. Back then domestic product was $1,335 per ton and coming down from its 2021 high of $1,955 per ton seen in early September of that year. 

Methodology

This is how SMU calculates the theoretical spread between domestic HRC prices (FOB domestic mills) and foreign HRC prices (delivered to US ports): We compare SMU’s US HRC weekly index to the CRU HRC weekly indices for Germany, Italy, and East and Southeast Asian ports. This is only a theoretical calculation. Import costs can vary greatly, influencing the true market spread.

We add $90 per ton to all foreign prices as a rough means of accounting for freight costs, handling, and trader margin. This gives us an approximate CIF US ports price to compare to the SMU domestic HRC price. Buyers should use our $90-per-ton figure as a benchmark and adjust up or down based on their own shipping and handling costs. If you import steel and want to share your thoughts on these costs, please don’t hesitate to get in touch with david@steelmarketupdate.com.

Asian Hot-Rolled Coil (East and Southeast Asian Ports)

As of Thursday, Nov. 16, the CRU Asian HRC price was $517 per ton, up $4 per ton from the previous week. Adding a 25% tariff and $90 per ton in estimated import costs, the delivered price of Asian HRC to the US is approximately $736 per ton. The latest SMU hot rolled average for domestic material is $940 per ton.

The result: US-produced HRC is theoretically $204 per ton more expensive than steel imported from Asia.

Italian Hot-Rolled Coil

Italian HRC prices increased by $15 this week to roughly $611 per ton, and are now up $33 per ton over the past month. After adding import costs, the delivered price of Italian HRC is in theory $701 per ton.

That means domestic HRC is theoretically $239 per ton more expensive than HRC imported from Italy. That’s a $288-per-ton swing from late September when US prices were $49 per ton cheaper than prices for Italian hot band.

German Hot-Rolled Coil

CRU’s German HRC prices increased by just $16 per ton WoW to $641 per ton. After adding import costs, the delivered price of German HRC is in theory $731 per ton. The result: Domestic HRC is theoretically $209 per ton more expensive than HRC imported from Germany.

Figure 4 compares all four price indices. The chart on the right zooms in to highlight the difference in pricing from the second quarter of this year to the present.

Notes: Freight is important in deciding whether to import foreign steel or buy from a domestic mill. Domestic prices are referenced as FOB the producing mill, while foreign prices are CIF the port (Houston, NOLA, Savannah, Los Angeles, Camden, etc.). Inland freight, from either a domestic mill or from the port, can dramatically impact the competitiveness of both domestic and foreign steel. It’s also important to factor in lead times. In most markets, domestic steel will deliver more quickly than foreign steel.

Effective Jan. 1, 2022, the traditional Section 232 tariff no longer applies to most imports from the European Union. It has been replaced by a tariff rate quota (TRQ). Therefore, the German and Italian price comparisons in this analysis no longer include a 25% tariff. SMU still includes the 25% Section 232 tariff on foreign prices from other countries. We do not include any antidumping (AD) or countervailing duties (CVD) in this analysis.